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Article History

Received: 31 May 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Review and approval for this research were granted by the Scientific Biomedical Research Ethics Committee at the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) (Approval Number: HAPO-02-K-012-2025-03-2608), and the study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national laws on research ethics. Giving the questionnaire was voluntary, and participants gave their digital consent before starting. Participants were told through the form that the study sought to find out about workplace experiences and that their data would be kept anonymous.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.