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Article History

Received: 21 November 2023

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was started after obtaining a permission from The Research Department of Iran University of Medical Science. The Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences approved the project (95.03.123.29282). After made the necessary coordination with the managers of the university, the researcher referred to the hospital wards and introduced himself, the purpose of the study and how to answer the questionnaire. Participants were explained and if they wished to participate in the study and obtained written informed consent from them, a questionnaire was given to them and they were assured about maintaining anonymity and it was noted that not participating in the research had no consequences. It will not have a negative effect on their working conditions and they can leave the study whenever they want.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.