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Article History

Received: 30 July 2025

Accepted: 4 December 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was secured from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan (REC 35/2023). Subsequently, a formal letter of permission and support was obtained to facilitate the collection of examination materials from the Fixed Prosthodontics department. All instructors responsible for the provision of examinations included in the study were fully informed about the objectives of the research and their right to decline participation. Informed consent was obtained from each instructor prior to utilizing their examination materials for research purposes. Furthermore, instructors were assured that all information derived from the examinations would be handled with strict confidentiality and that participation would not result in any harm. The study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.