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Authors
Liu, Mingchan
Cheng, Yi
Li, Shu
Wang, Shanshan
Du, Feng
Wei, Xiaonan
Ai, Zhiying
Yan, Siyuan
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Jining Medical University. All enrolled participants were comprehensively informed regarding the voluntary and anonymous nature of their involvement, with informed consent secured prior to study initiation. Collected participant data underwent rigorous anonymization and were securely stored in a database. The investigation was executed in strict compliance with the ethical principles established by the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
