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Authors
Fang, Yi
Chen, Jian
He, Peijie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Rising-Star Program (23QA1400900)
Shanghai Oriental Talents Youth Project
Shanghai Youth Medical Talents – Specialist Program (SHWSRS(2023)_062)
“Zhuo-Xue Plan” of Fudan University
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202340219)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2024
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: The courses involved in this study were voluntarily selected by the students participating in the study. All participants were informed of the research methods and information collection content in detail and their consent was obtained before completed the questionnaires. This research was reported and approved by the Ethics Committee of ethics committee of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
