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Article History

Received: 14 August 2025

Accepted: 16 December 2025

First Online: 23 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (Approval No. 4-2021-1577 ; approval date: January 03, 2022). The IRB reviewed and approved the participant information sheet and determined that written informed consent was not required, as the study involved minimal-risk survey research under applicable national regulations. Accordingly, the IRB-approved information sheet explicitly stated that voluntary completion of the online questionnaire would constitute consent to participate. Based on this protocol, participants who submitted the survey were considered to have provided informed consent. No additional identifiable personal information beyond e-mail contact data was collected. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.