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Authors
Fan, Hao
Du, Wenqin
Yan, Jia
Jiang, Hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the experimental teaching reform of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (DGD-2024-24)
the undergraduate core course of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (DGD-2024-11)
the post-graduation medical education program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (BYH20230204)
the undergraduate honor course construction project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (DGD-2024-05)
the undergraduate core curriculum of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (DGD-2024-19)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki ( ). The institutional review board exempted the ethical review. It also explicitly approved the use of informed oral consent for participant enrollment. All participants have given their informed oral consent prior to participating in this optional seminar.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
