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Authors
Zhang, Meng-lu
Bai, Wen
Yan, Zhi-peng
Ge, Hui-min
Zhang, Qiu-yang
Ding, Xi-yan
Liu, Yan-qing
Li, Xiang
Jiang, Qin
Li, Ke-ran
Shang, Wei-hong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Education Research Project of Nanjing Medical University (2023ZC055)
Jiangsu Provincial Education Science Planning Program (C/2023/01/31)
Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Project (GAX23305)
Computer Basics Education and Teaching Research Project from Association of Fundamental Computing Education in Chinese Universities (2023-AFCEC-333)
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the affiliated eye hospital of nanjing medical university (Approval No. 2023015), and written informed consent obtained from all the participants.
: Participants were assured in the consent form they signed the publication of the data will not indicate their names or any identification information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: None declared.
