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Authors
Wei, Min
Zhang, Yanhua
Zhu, Fanglin
Zhai, Daiqing
Zhu, Chuanhe
Zhao, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong First Medical University Curriculum Ideological and Political Education (CIPE) Teaching Reform Project
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shandong First Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable, as the study did not include individual patient data or identifiable personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
