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Authors
Ba, Ruikai
Feng, Xinran
Yuan, Lixian
Tong, Juan
Ban, Jinghao
Wu, Meiling
Han, Bing
Xu, Xinyue
Qiu, Xinyu
Guo, Hao
Xuan, Kun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Talent Promotion and Ranking Project of Air Force Medical University in 2024 (2024RCJB07)
General Research Project on Higher Education Teaching Reform in Shaanxi Province in 2023 (23BY204)
General Project of Education and Teaching Reform in the School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University in 2023 (2023kqjyyj-xk)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants at the beginning of the study. All experimental protocols were adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the school of Stomatology in the Air Force Medical University (KQ-YJ-2024-261).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
