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Authors
de Souza, Ruth Francisca Freitas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-5662
Schilling, Marla Presa Raulino https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-4715
Portela, Margareth Crisóstomo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-9276
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with all relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Before beginning the questionnaire, students accessed a link to the Informed consent form, which clearly outlined the risks and benefits of participation and ensured anonymity and confidentiality through coded identifiers, accessible only by the research principal investigator. The Informed Consent Form also emphasized persons’ autonomy to decide whether to participate or withdraw at any time without justification. Those who agreed to participate were redirected to the online questionnaire. The consent form was provided in PDF format, allowing participants to download, save, or print it for their records. The study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Protocol No. CAAE: 59578022.2.0000.5240). In addition, it was authorised by the institutions where the students were recruited and by the researcher responsible for validating the instrument for use in Brazil.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
