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Article History

Received: 20 October 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved third-year pharmacy undergraduates at Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China. All participants were invited to take part voluntarily after reviewing and signing an informed consent form. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Medicine College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology( Approval No. 2024126 H). All procedures followed ethical guidelines in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.