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Article History

Received: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 2 January 2026

First Online: 12 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University. All procedures adhered to the relevant ethical guidelines and regulations in China. Informed consent was obtained electronically through the questionnaires. Before completing the survey, participating students were informed about the purpose and content of the study, as well as the principles of anonymity and voluntary participation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.