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Authors
Hasebe, Keisuke
Shikino, Kiyoshi
Kawaguchi, Kenjiro
Yamauchi, Kazuyo
Araki, Nobuyuki
Ozaki, Naoto
Aoki, Shinya
Mori, Tokuro
Sogai, Daichi
Murayama, Ai
Yamada, Satoshi
Shioya, Ryunosuke
Matsuyama, Yasushi
Ito, Shoichi
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 4 January 2026
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University (M10719). All research involving human participants complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The procedures for obtaining informed consent were explained to the medical students. The researchers explained the study to the participants and obtained their informed and voluntary consent.
: All participants provided informed consent to publish potentially identifying information in an online open-access publication. All participants read and signed an informed consent form before participating in the study. To ensure confidentiality, all participant data were anonymized before analysis. No compensation was provided to participants for their involvement in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
