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Authors
Maekawa, Kiriko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-526X
Sugiyama, Daisuke
Imanishi, Takamitsu
Oki, Tsumugi
Ohnuma, Kenichiro
Carayannopoulos, Mary O.
Satomi-Kobayashi, Seimi
Kawano, Seiji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJFS2126)
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was a cross-sectional survey involving no interventions. Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number: B220149), and the study adhered to the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants provided informed consent before the completion of the survey. Responses were collected and managed using unique identifiers to ensure anonymity, with data used exclusively for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
