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Authors
Zhang, Qi
Xie, Yingxin
Ding, Feng
Ma, Shuai
Wang, Wenji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Clinical Teaching Incentive Team Fund (Clinical Teaching Incentive Team Fund)
Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Teaching and Educational Development Program (JYJX04202401)
Teaching Physician Program (JXXYS-2023-5)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: Informed consent for study participation and for the publication of anonymized data was obtained electronically from all participants via the questionnaire platform. The Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Institutional Review Board granted ethical approval for this study’s methodology (SH9H-2025-T368-1).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
