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Authors
Karmi, Hamza
Qawasmeh, Hebatallah
Ahmad, Rasha K.
Alkhateeb, Suhaib
Awawdeh, Firas
Douden, Bashar
Zrineh, Azzam
Akwan, Rami
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Al-Quds University (Ref No: 586/REC/2025). Participation was voluntary and anonymous, and electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the online questionnaire. This study followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
