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Authors
Qiu, Xili
Li, Tongjun
Li, Simin
He, Yuqing
Li, Fenghua
Liu, Jing
Yu, Yang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Province Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project (202401000357)
Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Teaching Reform Research Project (approved in 2023, principal investigator: Li Tongjun)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Stomatological Hospital of Central South University (approval number 20210094). All participants provided written informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
