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Authors
Meng, Ya
Jia, Xin
Hou, Tingting
Deng, Yufang
Song, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Medical Education Research Project of Henan Province (WJLX2025253)
the Medical Education Research Project of Henan Province (WJLX2024213)
the Henan Province Educational Science Planning Project (2024YB0564)
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Academic Committee of Institute of Jingzhou Institute of Technology (No. 2024–012). The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki to this effect in the ‘Ethics approval and consent to participate’ section. Informed consent for the study was obtained from all the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
