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Authors
Lin, Chi-Wei
Kuo, Bang-Yuan
Wang, Hung-Che
Lin, Meei-Ju
Chu, Shao-Yin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. (MOST 110-2635-H-303-001-)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Online or written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (IRB No. 110–034-B).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
