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Authors
Funabashi, Martha
Smith, Nicole M.
Wong, Kitlyn
Gnjatic, Angela
SmithBrudenell, Orion
Starmer, David
Howarth, Samuel J.
Choi, Grand
Nim, Casper
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern Denmark
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College’s (CMCC) Research Ethics Board (REB Approval# 2208B01). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) commercializes the Force Sensing Table Technology (FSTT ® ) system and the human analogue mannequin (HAM ® ), which were used in this study. DS and NMS have received travel support from CMCC to attend conferences as FSTT ® exhibitors. None of the authors receive any compensation directly related to the sale of FSTT ® or HAM ® units, and CMCC, as an institution, did not have any influence in designing or conducting this study. The authors declare no other conflicts of interest.
