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Authors
Almalki, Mohammed Saleh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Taif University
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Article History
Received: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Taif University Institutional Review Board (Ethical Approval No: HAPO-02-T-105, dated June 22, 2025), and all procedures were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to data collection, participants were provided with a clear description of the study’s objectives, procedures, and their rights. Participation was entirely voluntary, and the completion and submission of the online questionnaire were considered as implied informed consent to participate in the study. Participants were explicitly informed that they could withdraw at any time without penalty. To ensure privacy and confidentiality, all data were anonymized using code numbers, and only aggregated results were reported.
: NA.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
