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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Our study was conducted with a strong commitment to ethical standards. Several steps were taken to ensure ethical integrity.The study obtained ethics approval from the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (project no. 815027), and the participating university granted approval for this study prior to data collection. In accordance with national regulations, approval from a medical ethics committee was not required, as the study was non-invasive and did not involve sensitive personal information or direct patient interaction. Approval to recruit students was granted by the Head of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences at the participating university. The study followed the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki [ ]. Participants were fully informed about the aim of the study, the nature of the written submissions, and how their short written text narratives would be used. They provided written consent, acknowledging their voluntary participation and understanding of the study. To protect participants’ privacy, all identifying information was removed from the written submissions, and each document was assigned a unique code to ensure anonymity. Additionally, details about the educational setting and student characteristics have not been disclosed in the methods or results sections of the study. The data were stored securely to prevent unauthorized access.The content of the written submissions was handled with respect and sensitivity, ensuring that participants’ written narratives were used solely for research purposes and not disclosed in any manner that could identify them. Throughout the analysis process, efforts were made to accurately represent the participants’ contextual demand challenges of SDL without any misinterpretation or distortion of their words.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.