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Authors
Tang, Shiying
Hong, Peng
Zhu, Guodong
Guo, Wei
Zhao, Xun
Chen, Jiyuan
Liu, Lei
Zhang, Hongxian
Xiao, Chunlei
Liu, Ke
Lu, Jian
Ma, Lulin
Hong, Kai
Zhang, Shudong
Liu, Zhuo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Peking University Health Science Center Medical Education Research Project (2024YB03)
Peking University Third Hospital Medical Education Research Project (2024bysyxyk01)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed as part of a continuing medical education quality improvement initiative within the Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Peking University Third Hospital, which confirmed that formal ethics approval was not required, as the study involved an anonymous survey with minimal risk to participants. In line with institutional policy and national ethical guidelines for educational research, the study was deemed exempt from formal ethics committee approval.All participants were informed of the study’s purpose, the anonymity of their responses, and the voluntary nature of participation. Submission of the completed questionnaire was taken as implied informed consent. No personally identifiable information was collected.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants whose identifiable data (e.g., images, case details) are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
