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Article History

Received: 9 November 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is derived from a Master’s thesis in Community Health Nursing, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (IR.USWR.REC.1403.225) at the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). Adherence to research ethics principles, including obtaining informed consent and ensuring anonymity and confidentiality of information, was observed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.