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Authors
Heshmati Nabavi, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-966X
Namazi, Marzieh https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6157-2039
Saki, Azadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-5810
Vaghei, Saeed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-1371
Rezaei, Milad https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4438-7250
Pouresmail, Zohre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-3505
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2024
Accepted: 22 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Science (IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC.1402.022). Throughout the research, the University of Medical Sciences Research Vice-Chancellor approved all ethical principles of this project. A written permission was obtained from the university’s ethics committee, an introduction letter from the School of Nursing and Midwifery to the educators participating in the study, and written informed consent was obtained from the participants. We coded all questionnaires to ensure the participants’ privacy; we also assured them they could withdraw at any time if they did not wish to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
