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Article History

Received: 16 November 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study adheres to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and received formal approval from the Health Sciences Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Manisa Celal Bayar University (Decision Date: November 20, 2024; Decision No: 20.478.486/2719). Institutional permission was obtained from the Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Health Sciences at Manisa Celal Bayar University. Additionally, permissions to use the measurement instruments were obtained via e-mail from the authors of the respective validity and reliability studies. All participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study and gave written informed consent before data collection. Confidentiality, voluntary participation and anonymity were meticulously maintained throughout the research process.

: Not applicable. No identifying personal data are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.