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Authors
Gharibyan, Iren
Ahner, Emily
Gonzalez Corral, Ivan
Simanton, Edward
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective cohort study analyzed a pre-existing, de-identified dataset of medical students from the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The study protocol was reviewed by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was determined to be exempt from full review under federal regulations governing human subjects research (Protocol number UNLV-2022-293). The requirement for informed consent was waived because the research involved secondary analysis of pre-existing, fully de-identified institutional data with no direct participant contact. All procedures were conducted in accordance with applicable institutional policies and federal regulations and in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
