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Authors
Alshehri, Abrar F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-3721
Alshammari, Abdullah S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-7266
Alhazmi, Abdulfattah Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-6322
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
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: All data and students’ GPA were used confidentially for research purposes only. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the regulations of the Saudi National Committee of Bioethics. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained prior to the start of the study from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee at Umm Al-Qura University (Approval No. HAPO-02-K-012–2022-01–915).Responses were collected via Google Forms ( ), which included the participant’s consent statement: “Participation in this survey is voluntary and not mandatory, and participants may stop completing the survey at any time.”
: Responses were collected through Google Forms ( ), which included a confidentiality statement indicating that “information will be collected for research purposes only, and all participants’ data will remain confidential and will not be disclosed.”
: The authors declare no competing interests.
