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Authors
Zhou, Yilin
Chen, Wenhui
Liu, Chuanzi
Yang, Bo
Wang, Xiaodong
Yang, Ling
Jia, Xiaoshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Guangdong Financial Fund for High-Caliber Hospital Construction (No. 174–2018-XMZC-0001–03-0125/ C-01)
the Undergraduate Teaching Quality Engineering Project of Sun Yat-sen University (Establish the Electronic Test Bank of "Theory-Practice-Speculative" Pre-clinical Examination of Prosthodontics)
the Undergraduate Teaching Quality Engineering Project of Sun Yat-sen University (Construction of Dental Prosthodontics Standard Patient Case Database)
the Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Undergraduate Colleges in Guangdong Province in 2023 (Ling Yang, Experimental Teaching and Research Office of Prosthodontics)
the teaching Reform Project of clinical teaching bases in Guangdong Province in 2021 (No.2021JD023)
the Guangdong Educational Reform Project of “New Medicine” (No.2023-60)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was received ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen University, the ethical review comments number was GHKQ-202508-K03-01. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent was obtained from both the control and experimental group participants prior to the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
