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Authors
Ou, Wenjing
Liu, Zhihui
Cao, Meiling
Wu, Chao
Zhao, Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences (2023GLLH0230)
Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences (2023GLLH0225)
Research and Practice Program on Educational and Teaching Reform of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2024 (NYJXGGYB2024033)
Natural Science Foundation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2025MS08121)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Baotou Central Hospital (Approval No. KYLL2024(LUN)006). The committee reviewed and approved the use of verbal informed consent, considering the anonymous and low-risk nature of this questionnaire-based survey. Prior to data collection, the researchers provided clear explanations to all participants regarding the study’s purpose, data usage, and anonymization procedures, and commenced the survey only after obtaining their verbal consent.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
