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Authors
Ren, Yinpeng
Gao, Ran
Zhang, Shuguang
Kang, Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Clinical Project Fund of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (NO.LCYJ202313)
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (IRB No.KS2024040). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed electronic consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to completing the online questionnaire. AI-based language tools were used during the drafting stage to assist with phrasing in English. All AI outputs were reviewed and validated by the authors, and no AI tool was involved in data analysis or interpretation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
