Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 20 March 2026

First Online: 24 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Within the questionnaire used for this study, an informed consent clause was incorporated, requiring participants to agree to the use of their responses and to the merger with student statistics and exam results. The informed consent and study regulations governing the use of personal data for evaluation/research and quality assurance purposes (in particular Sect.  14, para. 1–5 ‘ MHH Immatrikulationsordnung ’ and Sect.  17, para. 3 NHG (Higher Education Act in Lower Saxony, Germany)) rendered a separate approval by an ethics committee unnecessary. Participation and withdrawal in the questionnaire were voluntary at any given point. The research presented here is in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

: not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.