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Authors
Ou, Qianmin
Tang, Deqian
Liu, Manqing
Yuan, Xiwei
Tan, Botian
Sun, Chenxi
Amir, Lisa R
Chen, Zetao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Construction Project of the Postgraduate Demonstration Course of Guangdong Province
The Undergraduate Education Quality Program of Sun Yat-Sen University
The Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation (A2024558)
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hospital of Stomatology of Sun Yat-Sen University (KQEC-2021-38-02, approved September 31th, 2024). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
