Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 October 2025

Accepted: 25 March 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study strictly adhered to established ethical standards for social science research. Prior to questionnaire administration, all participants were fully informed of the research purpose, content, and data usage policies, with explicit clarification that participation was entirely voluntary and that respondents could withdraw from the survey at any time without adverse consequences. The questionnaires were administered anonymously, with no collection of personally identifiable information such as names or contact details, thereby ensuring strict protection of participant privacy. All data were used exclusively for academic analysis and report preparation, with no commercial or other secondary applications. The research content involved no sensitive or potentially harmful questions and posed no identifiable ethical risks. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for the entire research process, and academic integrity and ethical guidelines were rigorously maintained throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.