Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 January 2026

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yanbian University of Medical Sciences (Ethics code: 20250182). In addition to the ethics approval, we have implemented several data protection measures. All collected data were anonymized, and participant confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the research. Data storage and handling procedures were in full compliance with data protection regulations, ensuring the security and privacy of all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The consent process was conducted with transparency. Participants were provided with electronic informed consent forms before participating in the survey, outlining the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. The informed consent forms made it clear that participation was entirely voluntary. No personal identifiers were collected, and all responses were anonymized before data analysis.