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Authors
Li, Dongju
Liu, Jiaqi
Xu, Huiming
Ma, Shulan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Educational Science Research Project (2021310)
Medical Education Research Project of the Chinese Medical Association, Medical Education Branch (2020B-N03313)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University (2020-C005). Informed consent was obtained from all participants through completion of the anonymous questionnaire.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
