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Article History

Received: 20 January 2026

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 10 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tongji Hospital (approval number: K-W-2023-002). Participation was voluntary, and all respondents provided informed consent prior to participation. No personally identifiable information was collected, and all data were anonymized and stored securely in accordance with ethical guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.