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Article History

Received: 16 November 2025

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical oversight for this educational research was provided by the School of Pharmacy at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The use of real, de-identified prescriptions was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The de-identification process complied with national data protection regulations and HIPAA guidelines, ensuring all patient and prescriber identifiers were irrevocably removed to protect privacy.Verbal informed consent was obtained from all student participants prior to the study. The study's purpose was explained, and students were assured of the voluntary nature of their participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the complete confidentiality of their data. The intervention was implemented as a standard part of the course curriculum, and no student was penalized for choosing not to participate in the data collection for the research.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data (e.g., details, images, or videos).

: The authors declare no competing interests.