Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 February 2026

Accepted: 3 April 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study received a written exemption determination from the authorized institutional body responsible for research ethics, in accordance with institutional guidelines for minimal-risk educational research involving anonymous questionnaire-based data. According to institutional policy, studies of this type are exempt from formal Institutional Review Board (IRB) oversight. Participation was voluntary. All participants were informed of the study purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without academic or personal consequences. Written informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. No personal identifiers were collected, and all data were analyzed in anonymized form to ensure confidentiality. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form

: The authors declare no competing interests.