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Authors
Allawy, Mohamed Elsayed Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-337X
Abdellatif, Mohamed Sayed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-5256
Ibrahim, Ashraf Ragab https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6251-4864
Nemt-allah, Mohamed Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0908-4648
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Standing Committee of Bioethics Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia (Protocol No. SCBR-582/2025), with approval granted in October 2025 and valid for one year .All participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study before participation. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, and involvement in the study was entirely voluntary. Participants were assured that they could withdraw at any time without any academic, professional, or personal consequences. The study did not include clinical trials or invasive procedures. All research activities were carried out in accordance with the approved ethical protocol, the regulations of the university’s ethics committee, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later revisions.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include any identifiable personal information, images, videos, or clinical details that would require consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
