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Authors
Yuan, Lili
Wang, Xiaomei
Ya, Bailiu
Yin, Haiyan
Guo, Yan
He, Jia
Ma, Dengdian
Fu, Jia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department (No. M2022159)
the 2022 Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project of Jining Medical University (No. Zd202208)
the 2025 AI-Assisted Education and Teaching Research Project of Jining Medical University (No. JYJGZX2025015)
2023 Ideological and Political Education Research Project of Jining Medical University (No. JYSZZ2023004)
2022 Annual Practical Teaching Education Research Project of Jining Medical University (No. JYSJ2022B53)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: Research involving human participants, human material, or human data was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Jining Medical University (Approval No. JNMC-2023-YX-036, Date: 28 March 2023). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardians. The consent was obtained in written form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
