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Authors
Gao, Lingling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-2979
Zhang, Li
Zhang, Yanxin
Wu, Min
Xu, Jianbo
Lu, Dan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Project on Medical Teaching Reform at Yangzhou University.
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval and permission to conduct the study were obtained from Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University (No. 2026KY007). This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was collected from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
