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Article History

Received: 13 August 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 18 April 2026

Declarations

:

: In accordance with the 2023 Guidelines for Ethical Review of Clinical Research or Research Involving Human Subjects of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, this study did not fall within the scope requiring review by the Research Ethics Committee (REC), as it did not involve vulnerable populations, clinical intervention, or the collection of biological samples, and was classified as low-risk educational research involving voluntary professional perspectives [ ]. Under this institutional framework, studies of this nature are not subject to ethics committee review, and therefore no approval or waiver reference number is issued. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national and institutional ethical standards. Participants were provided with an information sheet detailing the study purpose, procedures, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, and all data were anonymised to ensure confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.