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Article History

Received: 8 November 2025

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki ( ). The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ref. no. IRB-COD-FAC-233-June-2025. Prior to data collection, all students filled out an online informed consent form. A detailed information sheet explaining the purpose of the research, potential benefits, and ensuring that participation is voluntary, and the right to refuse participation or to withdraw without any reason and without any negative consequences. Students who wish to proceed must tick the consent box. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all students. The questionnaire was anonymous, ensuring confidentiality and privacy. Students were informed that their responses would be used solely for research purposes, and they had the right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Finally, one of the author’s contact details was available for participants to provide any needed clarification.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.