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Authors
Berg, Frida https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9293-8767
Erlandsson, Kerstin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-7047
Pappu, Noor Islam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-298X
Kemp, Joy https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2445-7606
Raha, Pronita
Wigert, Helena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-1925
Basri, Rabeya
Bogren, Malin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2432-8097
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for the study was granted by the National Ethical Committee in Sweden (D no: 2024-303 02510-01-583296). In Bangladesh, the Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery Services (DGNM) issued an official government order permitting both the questioner and the research (DGNM 2025). The study was conducted in line with national ethical standards, Bangladesh Medical Research Council Ethical Guidelines [ ], and the WHO International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans and the Declaration of Helsinki (1975). Written informed consent was obtained from all respondents, including consent for publication, in accordance with relevant regulations.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
