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Authors
Wei, Tianhong
Ke, Mujing
Zhang, Bo
He, Zhiyou
Xie, Xiuyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2025 Research Project on Postgraduate Medical Education at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (2025bj008)
2025 Research Project on Postgraduate Medical Education at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (2025bj017)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2026JJ50090)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. As this study used routinely collected, de-identified educational data, including retrospective comparison data, no formal IRB number was assigned. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the committee in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
