Ashour, Ahmed M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-0499
Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (Approval No: HPHS080526). Participation in the study was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, confidentiality of their responses, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. For participants under the age of 18 years, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.