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Authors
Hamed, Omayma
Mekheimar, Shahinaz Ibrahim
Abouzeid, Enjy
Mustafa, Shereen Shaaban
Amin, Mariam A.
Abo-Halawa, Nezar
Hassan, Nancy Husseiny
AlSemeh, Amira Ebrahim
Talaat, Wagdy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol received approval from the IRB at the Armed forces College of Medicine with a reference number (624) and a multi-institutional authorization from the Faculty of Dentistry, Beni-Suef University Research Ethics Committee (FDBSU-REC) with a reference number # REC-FDBSU/02012025-02/HO that ensured the study would be conducted according to Enhancing Research Ethics Committees in Egypt, Guidelines for Standard Operating Procedures, Monitor 2006, Guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference of Harmonization ICH, and United States Codes of Federal Regulations. Administrative approvals from the participating institutions were also obtained. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before accessing the survey, emphasizing voluntary participation, confidentiality, and the right to withdraw. Data anonymization procedures were implemented to protect participant identity, and secure data storage protocols were established for both quantitative and qualitative datasets. Clinical Trial number: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
