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Authors
Wang, Peng
Li, Fan
Li, Ji
Yang, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Kunming Medical University, 2024 (2024KCSZSFXM022)
the Party Building Research Center of Kunming Medical University (KYDJZX25217)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Kunming Medical University Ethics Committee (No. KMMU2025MEC267). Prior to the anonymous online survey, electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants. No personally identifiable information was collected to minimize social desirability bias, and participants retained the right to withdraw at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
